Community-level variance was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05); it showed that some of the total variance in neonatal mortality can be explained by community-level determinants thus MMLRA was performed to adequately consider community-level factors.
More interestingly, up to 82% of the variation in productivity was explained by community structure with consistent effects of functional divergence and functional identity (first and second axis) over the two years.
For litter decomposition, 69% of the variation was explained by community structure with a combination of three indices: species evenness, functional identity on the second axis and functional divergence, the latter having a positive influence.
Two studies failed to show any herd effect, which was explained by community exposure to infection of unvaccinated family members [ 30] or by low attack rates in household contacts, of whom 90% were adults with apparent partial immunity [ 33].
The discrepancy between preference and practices may be explained by the community social pressure on traditional circumcision [ 11, 12], and most people had been circumcised several years ago.
We evaluated whether the observed temperature mortality relationship could be explained by some community-level factors, such as average temperature, population density, sex ratio, percentage of people with low education level, population aged 75 years and above, living in an urban setting, hospital beds per thousand population, average income and latitude (table 3).
Combined, these results suggest that the increased variability in butterfly species richness in forest fragments may be explained by changes in community composition and butterfly abundance.
Bell and Dominici (2008) examined whether heterogeneity in ozone mortality coefficients could be explained by differences in community-specific characteristics, and identified a higher prevalence of central air conditioning (AC) as one of several factors associated with reduced ozone-related mortality.
This situation can be explained by the fact that community members do not see community health workers as interface actors between health services on the one hand and the community on the other hand, but only as health service agents working within the community as highlighted by Falisse et al. (2012) in a study in Burundi [ 54] and Bisimwa et al. (2009) in the DRC [ 55].
