Neither of the significant trends could be explained by adjustment for socioeconomic grouping, ethnic origin or parental age at the birth of the child, or by simultaneous analysis of parental smoking habits.
For all lung cancer and for adeno, much of the variability associated with the trend in rate over period can be explained by adjustment for continent, the timing of the studies varying by continent.
Much of the difference between urban/rural and area-level SECs appeared to be explained by adjustment for participant interactions with health services and health literacy combined with proactive attitudes.
However, the association between the health outcomes and carbon monoxide, fine and coarse mass, sulfate levels and aerosol acidity could be explained by adjustment for exposure to gaseous pollutants.
Age as a determinant of QOLIE (the older the patient is the better the self-perceived QoL) accords with this latter observation given the difference in "puberty timing" in males and females [ 3], and might be explained by adjustment to chronic illness after the adolescent reaches puberty.
Variation among other ethnic groups was explained by adjustment for other variables.
Case-level anxiety and depression was a weak predictor of contact with GPs (relative to effects of mental symptoms on other help-providers), and most of this effect was explained by adjustment for somatic conditions and psychosomatic symptoms.
Much of the increase in diabetes risk was explained by adjustment for these and other strong risk factors for diabetes, as has been reported in prior studies (6, 7, 16).
This may possibly be explained by an adjustment of patient expectations due to public discussion of the problem.
This could be explained by the adjustment on surgeons' expectations in our study; surgeons rated their expectations according to preoperative function, as previously discussed.
