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Low-platinum (Pt) alloy can be expected to substitute for the conventional Pt catalyst due to its modified Pt electronic structure with highly electrocatalytic activity and Pt-skin nano-structure with high durability.
Thus, at this point, none of the above gene measurements can be expected to substitute for clinical judgment to differentiate lupus flare from infection.
Privatization and public sector financing can be complementary but the former should not be expected to substitute for the state's responsibility for ensuring basic levels of service.
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These are expected to substitute for oil, complementing first generation biofuels.
The Zn2+ dopant is expected to substitute Cu2+ without charge compensation.
To effectively mitigate climate change, variable renewable electricity (VRE) is expected to substitute a great share of current fossil-fired electricity generation.
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is expected to substitute the Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications as the radio access technology for railway communications.
In the near future oligonucleotide-based high-affinity aptamers are expected to substitute antibodies in many applications, mostly due to their stability, nonpeptide character, and their independency from animal resources.
For example, the incorporation of THN-cysteinyl-tRNACyS is stimulated by Poly-UG, the code for tRNACyS, and would be expected to be substituted for cysteine in protein being synthesized, whereas THN-cysteine not previously esterified to tRNA is activated by the isoleucyl- and valyl-RNA synthetases, and its incorporation is stimulated by Poly-AU and Poly-UG, respectively.
The ability to bind POPC/SM/Chol may be partially attributable to the tendency of this mixture to phase separate into liquid ordered domains (confirmed by atomic force microscopy [GT & RK, unpublished results]; [58]), since a saturated glycerophospholipid with the same choline headgroup (SPPC), which would also be expected to phase separate, was able to substitute for sphingomyelin to some extent.
The International Monetary Fund cannot be expected to step in as a substitute for a stronger commitment by Europe which needs to assume the brunt of any losses on emergency loans, a senior US official said on Friday.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com