The role of galanin in tumoral cell proliferation or survival may be exerted in an autocrine/paracrine fashion (Invitti et al, 1999).
Within a living organism, molecules are within a medium and, therefore, their activity is exerted in a medium.
Ultrasonic energy is exerted in a micro-environment via cavitation, in which high-temperature and pressure is applied to the location instantaneously.
Since masticatory forces are exerted in a vertical direction, inclination of teeth might make the masticatory forces more hazardous for teeth inclined labially than for those positioned more upright and parallel to the force direction.
Considering architectural issues, mostly two adjacent bays with different lengths are exerted in a structural framing, thus two beams with unequal depths are applied and lower ICP can be used to connect the bottom flanges of deep and shallow beams.
Uchida et al. also showed that DPP-IV inhibitory activity of trypsin-digested BLG was exerted in a concentration-dependent fashion, and IC50 value was 210 μM [ 8].
Co-transfection of DNMAML did not reverse these effects, indicating that the suppression of hyper-estrogenic response by Rbpj is exerted in a Notch pathway-independent manner.
A few metabolomic analyses have been conducted to determine which metabolites are produced as a result of the underlying metabolic pathways that are being exerted in a given community and to study host-microbe interactions [ 112 117].
Taking advantage of the ability to fluorescently label specific subtypes of cells and their connections in the mouse retina, a number of recent studies have demonstrated that the effects of activity are exerted in a highly differential manner [ 16,17,18 ].
Major effects of RANKL in bone are exerted in a paracrine manner, and the bound of the cytokine to the osteoblast plasma membrane ensures a controlled regulatory activity on osteoclast precursors through cell-to-cell contact [40].
