Pearson's correlation coefficients were estimated using strains means to evaluate the degree of relationship between traits in the population of all BXD RI strains (Table 2).
To eliminate that, distribution of fields in random structures can be estimated using the statistical moments of stress and strain fields that can be obtained either for homogeneous RVE or for its constituents separately as well as for the interface between the matrix and inhomogeneities.
Generally tensile strain induces phonon softening in graphene, which can be estimated using the knowledge of the Grüneisen parameter.
Minimum fold radii of an initially flat laminates made of 94 gsm plain weave, and 200 gsm 2 × 2 twill are estimated using maximum strain and Tsai Wu failure criteria, and also measured experimentally.
Moreover, the confinement effectiveness of the FRP wire is estimated using the actual rupture strain of the FRP wire as well as the ultimate tensile strain.
The substitution rate of European bat lyssavirus-2 was estimated using the two Finnish strains isolated 24 years apart as a calibrator.
The lattice strain contribution is estimated using a weighted average of the lattice strains for the observed reflections along the field direction.
The magnitude of the tensile strain stress on the bent substrate is 0.5% and the strain is estimated using the following equation; ( t h i c k n e s s o f t h e s u b s t r a t e + t o t a l t h i c k n e s s o f f i l m s ) 2 × R c × 100 (100
Genetic differentiation between wild and domesticated strains was estimated using Weir and Cockerham's estimator of FST (Weir and Cockerham 1984), and the 95% confidence intervals were estimated by bootstrapping (1000 replicates) over loci.
