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Direct and indirect effects can be estimated using procedures similar to direct standardization [ 18].
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Individual and composite linkage maps were estimated using procedures described by Pelgas et al. [ 42].
In order to determine sensitivity to change, sample size will be estimated using the procedures of Park and Schutz [ 67] for ANOVA designs that incorporate a repeated factor.
Sampling uncertainty will be estimated using bootstrap procedure because cost data are non-normally distributed.
Sampling uncertainty (95%% confidence intervals) will be estimated using bootstrap procedure because cost data are usually skewed.
The parameters δ W and δ H in the MRF models can be estimated using standard marginalization procedures or by maximizing the Type II ML estimate for (10).
Results from numerical examples indicate that the occurrence probability of defect can be estimated using the proposed procedure in a more rational way.
Both of these two numbers are not measurable, and therefore will be estimated using the following iterative procedure.
Model parameters were estimated using three procedures, because these procedures have been shown, under some conditions, to produce biased estimates for multi-level models with binary outcomes.
Standard errors (in parentheses) have been estimated using bootstrap procedures with 500 replications.
The channel covariance matrix K ^ h is estimated using the procedures described in Section 3.2 with 100 samples and 40 dB received signal SNR.
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