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The subset of parameters to be estimated using either of these randomization procedures must have a certain group structure and the sample size must be a multiple of the group size.
Hazard functions can be estimated using either semiparametric or parametric methods.8 Semiparametric models are more appealing as they allow greater flexibility; in semiparametric models, the baseline hazard λ 0 (t) is left unspecified.9 Hazard is a function of a vector of explanatory variables X with coefficients ß that can be estimated.
In this approach, the statistical equating error is merely a function of the reliability of the two instruments, that is, the reliability with which trait levels can be estimated using either of the two instruments.
Our study reveals that xu and fu might be estimated using either the helicity or the contact order.
Flow from a horizontal pipe can be estimated using either the California pipe method developed by van Leer (1924) or the trajectory method developed by Greeve (1928).
Economic costs may be estimated using either the prevalence or incidence-based approach to costing.
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Digestibility trials were conducted and MN was estimated using either 15N or PD as markers.
The solute vibrational entropy is estimated using either normal-mode analysis or quasi-harmonic approximation.
Bayesian inference (BI) was estimated using either with MrBayes 3.1 [ 35, 36] or BEAST 1.6.1 [ 37].
Richness was estimated using either shared or unique matrix downsized matrices, and either gene count for richness or richness index such as exponential of Shannon richness index or inverse Simpson index.
In these studies dietary salt intake was estimated using either 24 h urinary sodium excretion [ 4– 6], which is currently regarded as the reference method, or food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) [ 7, 8].
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