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Weighting requires that both under- and over-represented patients exist in the observed data; however, in clinical trials having a built-in deterministic dose escalation, some groups of patients may receive their actual dose with probability close to 1, while probabilities of certain pre-specified dose regimen of interest may be estimated as zero in these groups.
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As CAR priors are a special case of an undirected graphical model, we follow the terminology in that literature and refer to as the set of edges, and further define any edge that is estimated as zero as being removed.
The additive genetic variance in the timing of metamorphoses could then be estimated as four times the sire variance [25].
Our pilot studies indicated that by strict use of the protocols, the error of measurement could be estimated as two pixels at each anatomical point in the photograph.
Where concentrations of PBDEs and HBCD were below the limit of detection (LOD), concentrations were estimated as zero for dietary intake estimations.
Furthermore, our implementation of the Karoui correction shows that several population eigenvalues are estimated as zero valued.
When analyzing female mate FPS (Table 2), on the other hand, VPE was estimated as zero, while VA was small and not significantly different from zero.
In centre B, no men died in the first three years of treatment, so the risk of dying was estimated as zero.
Samples below the LOD were estimated as zero.
If dN was estimated as zero, we assigned dN/ dS = 0; if dS was estimated as zero, we assigned dN/ dS = 10.
A problem occurs when the variance component between reference genotypes is estimated as zero.
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