They were estimated as linear functions of n: k n = a + b n, and θ n = c + d n.
The differences in AIC were quite substantial among models, and the top-scoring model was clearly better than the next-best model (in which all parameters were estimated as linear functions).
They are estimated as linear combinations of the original variables x k with the coefficients, weights w * kl (k = 1, 2, …, p; l = 1, 2, …, a where a is the number of components in the model).
The correlation between the two Linear slope factors was estimated as larger than 1 (Heywood case, most likely due to the small variances and the large SEs).
Either raw mean/SD or least-squares means and 95% CI were estimated, as well as P value testing for linear trend after adjusting for sex, ethnicities (Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic), age, and BMI z score if applicable.
The effect of heat wave duration can be estimated as a linear or non-linear function, or as a factor variable directly yielding the interactions.
Visual inspection of a plot of the smoothed data indicated that the association between serum and drinking water PFOA levels could be estimated as a linear trend (data not shown), as suggested by the pharmacokinetic model (Equation 1).
Finally, models of partnership, mobility and access to the healthcare job market could be estimated as non-linear models because the outcome variables are binary.
Adjusted odds ratios for using the toilet and getting dressed were unable to be estimated as these were co-linear with the outcome.
