These methods have been established either using parametric fires called "time temperature curves", such as those mentioned in ISO 834 International Standard (1999) and ASTM E119 (ASTM 2006) (based on experiment and tests), or using "natural fires" which rely mainly on the volume of gas produced by the combustible materials in a covered space, such as those stated in SEI and ASCE (2006).
When recommended numbers of appropriate control samples are unavailable, a cut-off value may be established either by using a panel with fewer samples of known status (recognizing the limited precision of the estimates of sensitivity and specificity), or by using alternate methods for calculating a cut-off value (recognizing that they are imperfect approximations and lack robustness).
Cell lines typically are established either from tumours (primary or metastatic) or from immortalised normal cells often used as experimental models of healthy tissue.
A largely Muslim state comprising East and West Pakistan is established, either side of India.
The agreement was that for eLife, causality of methylation and RNA expression changes would have to be established, using either chemical treatment or appropriate mutants.
[Editors' note: the author responses to the previous round of peer review follow.] The agreement was that for eLife, causality of methylation and RNA expression changes would have to be established, using either chemical treatment or appropriate mutants.
Equations to predict 17β-estradiol, estriol, estrone or equol Kd or Koc values at the regional level were established using either soil properties (Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression) or one single estrogen (ordinary least squares regression).
Means and standard errors of the mean are presented, and significance was established using either Student's t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Venous access was established using either the cephalic or the sub-clavian vein, and the pocket for the device was made.
The significance of plasticity changes (LTP and CCh-LTD) was established using either paired or unpaired two-tailed t-tests as appropriate.
