A number of culture collections or cell banks have been established by either academic or commercial bodies (see Table 1).
For purposes of this study, laboratory diagnosis of WNV infection was established by either a positive serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-WNV IgM serologic assay.
After unidimensionality was established by either confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's coefficient Alpha (KR-20) approach, or principal component analysis of the residuals, item fit was further examined to evaluate the item-level model fit.
The diagnosis of SCD was established by either DNA sequencing or high performance liquid chromatography/clinical history and was further sub-typed as homozygous SS, combination of Hb S with β-thalassemia-zero (HbSβ; generally severe) or compound heterozygous SCD (generally clinically milder; including HbS with HbC (HbSC) or β-thalassemia-plus (Sβ+) [ 22, 23].
In previous murine models, pneumococcal meningitis was established by either 1) direct bacterial inoculation into the CNS, which generally very short survival times and thus limited use for the study of inflammation processes, or 2) intranasal or intraperitoneal inoculation routes, which more closely models the longer physiological inflammatory mechanisms [ 12].
Diagnosis of T2DM was established by either 1) prior documentation of diagnosis and/or receipt of treatment for T2DM or 2) diagnosis based of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) routinely performed in all patients without a known history of diabetes (plasma glucose > 11.1 mmol/l at 2 hours).
Tumours were established by either a single subcutaneous (s.c).
Genetically engineered models (GEMs) of PCa were established by either the overexpression of an oncogene controlled by a prostate-specific promoter or the targeted deletion of specific genes.
Significant differences were established by either the Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA, according to the number of groups compared, using GraphPad Prism software (GraphPad Software Inc. V4.03, San Diego, CA, USA).
All other changes depend on locomotions, because any two entities involved in change, with their active and passive potentialities respectively, need to come into contact in order for the interaction to occur.[28] Contact, however, as a rule needs to be established by locomotion: either the entity to be moved, or the mover, or both, need to proceed so that they meet (Physics 8.7, 260a26-b7).
