The stems of some high-biomass C4 grasses can accumulate high levels of non-structural carbohydrates that could be engineered to enhance biomass yield and utility as feedstocks for animals and biofuels production.
The enzyme can be engineered to increase the yield of optically pure products as a result of changes in both enantio- and regioselectivity.
If microbes can be engineered to produce these compounds at yields that approach the theoretical limits of 0.3 0.4 g/g glucose, then processes can be developed to replace current petrochemical technologies.
Through metabolic engineering microorganisms can be engineered to produce new products and further produce these with higher yield and productivities.
Protein-protein interactions can be engineered to precisely direct signal transduction pathways by recruiting or sequestering regulators [ 17] or to artificially co-localize enzymes and substrates, e.g. to improve the yield of a biosynthesized product [ 18].
Zinc oxide, a semiconductor characterized by a direct bandgap (3.37 eV), a large exciton binding energy (60 meV), and a high transmittance of visible light [1], can be easily engineered to yield functionalities based on its outstanding optical and electrical properties [2 6].
It said that the soya had not been engineered to increase yields, and that it was now developing one that would.
For example, several microbial strains recently developed for enzyme production have been engineered to increase enzyme yield by deleting native genes encoding extracellular proteases.
In metabolic engineering, xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) has been traditionally used to convert glucose to fructose in the syrup industry and has recently been engineered to increase the yield of alcohol-based biofuels in S. cerevisiae [ 29].
Over the past years, bacteria, fungi, as well as other organisms have been engineered to increase the yield of industrial enzymes and vitamins, as they are ideal hosts for the production of recombinant proteins.
