This seems to be due to independent evolution of the pollen and pistil genes involved in SI, from different members of the same gene families as SCR and SRK (Chantha et al. 2013).
"As [the evolutionary biologist] Theodosius Dobzhansky said, 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution,' " says Gil. "Everything that is around us is due to evolution, so we can't escape it".
They estimated that 20% of the phenotypic change was due to evolution.
Finally, as no control group was used, it is possible that the outcomes are due to evolution over time rather than the counselling intervention.
Our multi-peak OU model assumes that decreased divergence near the tips is due to evolution towards different adaptive optima that were adopted by early diversifying lineages.
In addition, clearly not all phenotypic change is due to evolution and as Merilä and Hendry (2014) point out, separating the relative influences of evolution and plasticity underlying phenotypic change is extremely challenging.
However, because adult crayfish collected from the field were used in this study, it is unclear whether this result was due to evolution or to environmental differences between the two collection locations.
The present result supports, from the aspect of historical repeatability, the famous (but never evaluated) evolutionary hypothesis that the dramatic labroid radiations in trophic ecology are due to evolution of specialized pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA).
We consider how the consequences of alternative future management actions might dramatically differ, depending on how much of the phenotypic change is due to evolution (as opposed to phenotypic plasticity), and whether future ecological conditions will more closely resemble the historical template or the current (anthropogenically altered) system.
