We do not wish to claim that posterior localization at stage 10 and beyond is driven by directed microtubule movement; in fact, with the onset of cytoplasmic streaming this will most likely be impossible.
Recent evidence suggests that autotrophic sulfate reduction could be driven by direct and indirect electron transfer mechanisms in bioelectrochemical systems.
Although these effects could be driven by direct physical interaction with mitochondrial proteins and enzymes, this study supports an indirect interaction of GNPs with mitochondria, triggered by whole cell chemical processes such as oxidative stress.
Most interest is likely to be driven by direct-to-user marketing from companies — Apple is giving developers special branding to help on that front — but apps can also be found under the new "Pre-Orders" section within the Games tab of the App Store.
Thus, much of the up- and down-regulation of genes observed in this tumor is likely to be driven by direct amplifications and deletions of the genomic regions containing these mis-regulated genes.
In part, whisker movements evoked by wM1 might be driven by direct monosynaptic input onto motor neurons in the FN (Grinevich et al., 2005).
Namely, changes in degree of melanism in a population could be driven by direct environmental induction (i.e. plastic response) as well as by selection acting on heritable genetic variation (i.e. adaptation).
Thus, adaptive trajectories of mtDNA sequence evolution will primarily be driven by direct selection on females, and this will favor the fixation of female-benign (or –friendly), but potentially male-harming mtDNA mutations.
Some empirical data and genetic models had shown that this choice could be driven by direct benefits that increase survivorship [ 5, 6] or indirect genetic benefits that could improve viability and/or the attractiveness of the offspring [ 7- 12].
Finally, although dissolution was shown to drive the toxicity of relatively large nanostructures as those studied in this paper, the possibility that the toxicity of smaller nanoparticles could also be driven by direct effects between nanoparticles and cells, that is, by "nano-specific" effects, cannot be excluded.
