These experiments demonstrate that specific pathway properties can be driven by adaptive forces when selection operates as a function of that property, and that the signature of selection on primary or derived complexity properties are different.
However, the frequency of some protein domains, such as DUF1676 in D. willistoni, annexin and dynein_IC2 in D. melanogaster, inositol_P and PAP2 in D. yakuba, were high in one species but low (0 or 1) across the other 11 species, suggesting that these species-specific duplicate proteins might be driven by adaptive evolution in each species.
Moreover, strongly supports all these substitutions are driven by adaptive evolution.
Evidence for the transcriptome-wide prevailing mode of selection between two species can be gained by estimating α, the average proportion of interspecific amino-acid substitutions which are driven by adaptive evolution [ 85, 86].
These results suggest that while the increased d N/d S ratio in the Complement pathway has been driven by adaptive evolution, such elevated ratio in the coding regions of the Acc. Intron dataset rather reflects the relaxation of purifying selection.
Previous research has indicated that many genes families in Drosophila are driven by adaptive selection, such as, elastase/chymotrypsin, trypsin and astacin, which are all involved in digestive processes in D. arizonae[ 26], two immunity-related gene families, Toll-like receptors and lysozyme in D. melanogaster[ 24, 78], and metallothionein genes involved in metal tolerance [ 79, 80].
This antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis posits that minor codon frequencies may be driven by conflicting adaptive forces acting in competition on synonymous codons (Akashi and Eyre-Walker 1998).
The changes in morphology and life history coupled with widespread environmental changes are suggestive that diversification of Atlantic "faviid" coral might be driven by the evolution of adaptive traits.
Rather, they would be driven by an increasing rate of adaptive substitution within those populations.
Among them, A, B, C three positions can be driven by the crowd data to achieve adaptive switching.
Adaptive shifts can be driven by changes in the abundance, behavior, ecology, morphology, or physiology of key species.
