Furthermore, Wnt5a is drastically upregulated in macrophages by LPS and IFNγ and induces the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1, IL6, and IL8 [7].
Conversely, expression of CCL5/RANTES and CXCL8/IL-8 was drastically upregulated in activated NHAC-kn cells.
As shown in Figure 4, HAL2 had little or no expression in the intestine before or after metamorphosis but was drastically upregulated during metamorphosis, while HAL1 had no detectable expression (not shown), consistent with the expression data from isolated intestinal tissues.
In control animals, while the expression of laminin was initially restricted to blood vessels at 4 and 7 DPI, its expression at the lesion epicentre was drastically upregulated from 10 DPI and maintained at 14 DPI (Fig 9A).
HVEM expression was drastically upregulated over the course of differentiation at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas LT βR levels were not significantly changed.
It thus appears that provirus c22_A is not expressed in normal testis or other investigated tissues, or it is expressed at very low level, but is activated or drastically upregulated in germ cell tumor cells (and also in other pathologic circumstances, namely atrophic and orchitic conditions).
Expression of mRNA of IFN-γ was low in non-myopathic muscle and drastically upregulated in sIBM by 441-fold, which was significant compared to PM and DM (Fig. 1B).
