These custom-shaped OPV modules were directly patterned in a shape of tree leaf using gravure printing and rotary screen printing processes, allowing direct printing of any kind of arbitrary, two-dimensional shapes.
Instead of directly patterning the active materials, PET substrates have been 2D patterned using IL, such that the subsequently solution coated PV cells had improved light absorption via trapping and guiding, and demonstrated up to 21% higher efficiency.
(3) It is intractable to discover top-ranked diversified (mathsf {GPARs}), and conventional mining algorithms for traditional rules and frequent graph patterns cannot be directly used to discover such rules.
Hence, our set of linguistic patterns cannot be directly used in other rare disease domains, but they could be valid as seed structures.
Since inequality measures of access distance or travel time is strongly influenced by the background geographic distribution patterns, they cannot be directly used for regional comparisons of geographic accessibility.
The primary advantage of MAPLE-DW over similar direct-write methods is that any material that takes the form of a rheological fluid, polymer-based composite or fine powder can be directly written into mesoscopic patterns using MAPLE-DW.
Patterns of plant community structure were found to be directly related to land-use, with measures of cover, richness, and diversity differing significantly among land-use types.
The fabric should be directly touching the pattern.
These studies should be directly compared with caution because they used different commercial assays and different PCR techniques; however, trends in patterns of detection can be compared.
