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Before Hipparcos, no Cepheid distances could be determined directly using the parallax method, but had to be measured using an intermediate method known as the "Cluster Method," in which the bulk motion of a cluster of stars is used to obtain their distance.
LUE may also be determined directly using remote sensing, with a potential to provide improved estimates of the spatial variability of LUE compared to current methods [32,33].
Further, this approach could be applicable to a wider range of molecular systems than could be determined directly using higher levels of theory.
Polythionate concentrations can then be determined directly using ion chromatographic methods, and laboratory results indicate recovery of up to 90% for synthetic polythionate solutions using AG2-X8 resin columns.
LUE may also be determined directly using remote sensing, with a potential to provide improved estimates of the spatial variability of LUE compared to current methods [ 32, 33].
In this manner, the distending (transmural) pressure in the test-limb vasculature can be elevated to any desired level, and distension of arteries can be determined directly using ultrasonographic techniques, whereas arteriolar distension can be determined indirectly via measurement of pressure-induced changes in flow by means of ultrasound/Doppler techniques.
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Furthermore, the interface position is determined directly using the level-set method.
Young's moduli of zeolite single crystals (natrolite, Na2(Al2Si3O10) · 2H2O, NAT-type) have been determined directly using static three-point bend, compression and indentation experiments for the first time.
This threshold is determined directly using Eickmeier et al.
The complete mt genome sequences were determined directly using high-throughput sequencing methods.
K+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl− concentrations in ISF have been determined directly using ion selective microelectrodes [ 26, 27].
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