Crowdsourcing systems are complex socio-technical systems [5], whose behavior is determined by technical design, individual human cognition, and social interaction among workers.
The threshold is determined by technical variation (i.e., the overall abundance ratio variation caused by the experimental process including sample workup, MS analysis and data processing) as well as biological variation (i.e., the abundance ratio variation caused by the biological process including cell growth), which can be defined and assessed by a coefficient of variation (CV).
Our data support the recommended maintenance and calibration intervals of two years, which has been determined by technical considerations (11).
Matching according to PF combination prevents confounding by PF combination, since PF combination is determined by technical factors known to be associated with both migration and a high likelihood of revision for aseptic loosening (AJR 2013, NJR 2012, SHAR 2011).
Since PF is determined by technical factors known to be associated with both migration and a high likelihood of revision for aseptic loosening, matching according to PF prevents confounding by PF (NJR 2009, SHAR 2009, AJR 2010).
This pattern of change will be determined by the technical conditions of production.
The project optimization design for envelope renovation could be determined by the technical and economic analysis considering the impact of house orientation, windows-to-wall ratio, types of insulation materials and windows.
Equating tough court decisions to a marathon, Mr. Obama said that the first 25 miles may be determined by precedent and technical understanding of the law, but "that last mile can only be determined on the basis of one's deepest values, one's core concerns, one's broader perspectives on how the world works, and the depth and breadth of one's empathy".
Homologue comparison with data of the German Environmental Protection Agency UBAA) suggests that PCDD/F values in soils of rural areas could strongly be determined by emissions related to technical products. .
It said the winner would be determined by votes from coaches and technical directors from CAF's 54 affiliated national associations and associate members, plus the other 10 members of its expert panel.
