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The reliability of mechanical systems depends in part on the fatigue strength of the material, whose properties need to be determined by experiments.
The results of the hardgrove grindability measurements have shown that the grinding properties of sludge or its mixtures could not be predicted based on proximate analysis (moisture, ash, carbon and volatile contents); it could only be determined by experiments.
In fact, life tests play a central role in the design of mechanical systems, as their structural reliability depends in part on the fatigue strength of material, which need to be determined by experiments.
Since for a frictionless liquid the response exhibits singularities at the resonances, a semi-empirical damping was introduced in the resonance terms, of which the damping factor has to be determined by experiments.
A first critical issue is the correlation between the instantaneous cylinder gas composition and the composition of the exhaust flow: such a correlation, required by the 1d software, is very difficult to be determined by experiments, so that CFD-3D analyses remain the only reliable source of information.
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Each curve must be determined by experiment.
The used fatigue strength has to be determined by experiment.
If "something" is a physical quantity, to be determined by experiment, then so is 'nothing'nothing
It is clear from this that the TDS contribution is a variable parameter that can be determined by experiment, since it modifies the intensity profile and background.
Values for the variables in formulae (1)–(3) can be determined by experiment, although in practice problems can arise where samples contain more than one phase.
It was also concluded that mismatched probe targets should be removed using empirically derived post-hybridization washing conditions in order to achieve specificity and that appropriate conditions should be determined by experiment rather than calculated theoretically from Tm.
More suggestions(17)
be determined by test
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be quantified by experiments
be detected by experiments
be vetted by experiments
be measured by experiments
be observed by experiments
be determined by means
be obtained by experiments
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com