Such a magnitude of difference is large and can be detected using other methods such as low-order polynomial fitting.
Some nanoscale objects can be detected using a nanopore, such as nanoparticles [4 6], viruses [7 9], protein molecules [10 13] and DNA sequences [14 17].
CNVs can be detected using cytogenetic techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization, array-based comparative genomic hybridization, and SNP genotyping arrays.
Recent studies suggested that small unmyelinated C-fibers are damaged early in diabetic neuropathy (2– 4) but can only be detected using invasive procedures such as sural nerve biopsy (4, 5) or skin-punch biopsy (6– 8).
This may be because the majority of variations in basal level breaks observed are due to the shearing caused during DNA processing, and the true initial DNA DSB levels are probably too low to be detected using the PFGE assay that uses such high IR doses.
As inversions only lead to a change in orientation, but not in copy number, they cannot be detected using hybridization-based methods such as microarrays.
However, changes in the water content in the early stages of OA cannot be detected using current clinical techniques such as radiography and arthroscopy.
Protein biomarkers can be detected using EC methods, offering such advantages as low cost, short time of analysis, and excellent sensitivity.
H. pylori infection can be detected using non-invasive tests such as serological tests, 13C-urea breath test and stool tests, and invasive tests requiring endoscopically obtained gastric mucosal tissue biopsies, such as tissue culture, examination of histological stains and the rapid urease test.
