Foreign DNA usually has a nucleotide composition distinct from that of the native DNA and therefore can be detected using chi-square test of base homogeneity, although sequence bias can arise from other sources as well.
The staff's correct recognition of SDs and the proportion of ways to recognize their own job responsibilities related to PHE response were detected using chi square tests.
Statistical differences between various groups were detected using either Chi-squared or adjusted Chi-squared test, Chi-squared for trend test, and non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) test as appropriate.
All individuals harbouring microfilariae (positive blood films) were detected by ICT and ELISA, but among individuals positive for ELISA, only 35.7%% of them were detected using ICT (Chi square: 4.57; p-value = 0.03), indicating a moderate agreement between both tests (kappa statistics = 0.49).
Similarly, deviation of observed mutation frequencies from their expected frequencies was detected using a two-tailed chi-square test as in van der Walt et al. [ 29] which explicitly accounts for differences in parental virus nucleotide compositions.
HPV infections were detected using HPV linear array, and chi-squared tests and linear regression models were used to compare HPV genotypes across racial/ethnic groups by CIN status.
Each BxACE was detected using BxACEPabs.
Significant differences were detected by using the Mann–Whitney U test, Student's t-test, Pearson's chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test.
Motifs were detected by using ScanProsite [10].
However, no gene regulation was detected for CHI (Table 10).
A specimen was rendered positive if at least one HPV type was detected and statistical analysis was performed using chi-square testing or fisher-exact testing, when frequencies were smaller than five.
