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A review of the ways in which EFs may be derived from test data is also performed, with a clear distinction between data obtained under controlled conditions (engine and chassis dynamometer measurements using standard driving cycles) and measurements under real-world operation.
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Thus, the hybrid model can be derived from testing as a result of two independent modal identifications.
The estimation of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a test should ideally be derived from testing a statistically relevant panel of animals.
The MIT data is derived from test runs conducted in the urban area of Graz, Austria.
For this reason, FEA (finite element analysis) based fatigue analysis is increasingly popular and the input loads used for these predictions are derived from test or CAE-predicted virtual prototype.
Mixed mode modification factor was derived from test results of 36 specimens to predict the fatigue life of CFRP-strengthened steel plates initially inclined cracked with various degrees of damage.
The FRP sheet width factor β w was derived from tests where sheets were bonded to concrete prisms, where an influence of sheet width on bond strength was experimentally determined.
Much of the knowledge in this area of research has been derived from testing of isolated cells, cartilage explants, and fixed cartilage specimens: systems that differ in important aspects from chondrocytes embedded in articular cartilage and observed during loading conditions.
For Isawa Fan, the soil parameter values were taken to be (16 Ks and θmax were derived from tests on soil sampled near the gravity observatory (Klute and Dirksen, 1986; Grossman and Reinsch, 2002), whereas Ds, a, b and θmin were estimated by trial-and-error fitting of the theoretical results to the observed moisture variation.
All the P values are derived from testing the null hypothesis that ΔΔCT are equal to 0 (at P = 0.05).
The p values are derived from testing the difference in means of those with BMI Z quartiles I-III vs. IV.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com