The utility of the improved system has been demonstrated by expression of an active Gaussia princeps luciferase enzyme fused to GvpC and bound to buoyant gas vesicles.
Based on the previous outcomes it can be suggested that cancer cells may acquire phenotype of myeloid cells which, as the matter of fact, was demonstrated by expression of myeloid cell antigens on their surface [ 25].
The putative urea transporter ZmDUR3-ORF was isolated and its localization analysed using GFP-fusion proteins; its capability to transport urea was demonstrated by expression in heterologous systems, i.e. dur3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana mutants.
These IPSs were mostly derived from skin, but recently urinary tract derived IPSs were shown to be more efficient than skin-derived iPSCs in bladder differentiation which was demonstrated by expression of urothelial-specific markers including uroplakins, claudins, and cytokeratin and stromal smooth muscle markers including α-smooth-muscle actin, calponin, and desmin.
The functional aspect may be demonstrated by the decreased expression of phosphorylated Smad 2 after stimulation with TGF-β and BMP-7 compared to TGF-β TGF-β.
Non-autonomy can also be demonstrated by comparing mRNA and protein expression.
In each case the function of the enzymes encoded by the genes was demonstrated by heterologous expression and their expression was analysed across a range of tissues and developmental stages.
The diversified functionalities of some of the safflower FAD2 gene family members were demonstrated by ectopic expression in yeast and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.
The specificity of decreased Gdnf expression in Ptc1−/−UB kidneys is demonstrated by normal expression of Osr1, Six2, and CITED1, each of which marks mesenchymal precursor cells [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]; Wnt4, a marker of pretubular aggregates [27]; and Wnt9b which is required for the earliest inductive response in metanephric mesenchyme and acts upstream of Wnt4 [28] (Figure S6).
Most of these associations have been demonstrated by mRNA expression assays [ 12, 13] and experimental data also have linked altered miRNAs expression with exposure Cd recently [ 11, 14].
