Furthermore, because the ER is the compartment where proteins are palmitoylated, a process that requires palmitoyl-CoA, perhaps elo1Δ cells are defective in protein palmitoylation.
Several Arabidopsis mutants are defective in proteins mediating polar auxin transport.
Except for the fiber mutant F497D described above, and the two knobless fibers R7Δknob and R7-ZZwt which were defective in fiber protein synthesis [17], [18], all the other fiber mutants used in the present study were produced at levels similar to that of WT fiber (data not shown).
GFP appended with a peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (GFP–PTS1) is imported post-translationally into peroxisomes, and cytosolic labelling is observed in cells that lack peroxisomes or are defective in lumenal protein import.
For example, the discovery that the IAA-Ala-resistant mutant iar1 is defective in a protein in the ZIP family of metal transporters uncovered a link between metal homeostasis and IAA-conjugate sensitivity.
A similar phenotype has been described for the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, in which deletion of the PEX19 gene results in the accumulation of peroxisomal structures that are similar in morphology to wild-type peroxisomes but are defective in matrix protein import (Lambkin and Rachubinski, 2001).
Fifth, we demonstrated the involvement of Sis1p and Ydj1p, major cytoplasmic DnaJs for Ssa proteins, in tRNA import in vivo, while such effect is not observed in the zuo1∆ mutant, which is defective in Ssb-protein specific DnaJ.
Others and we reasoned that anti-mitotic therapy would be less effective if administered to a tumour which is defective in the proteins needed to cause G1 arrest/apoptosis.
The RAW264.7 cell line is defective in the Nramp1 protein, which mediates resistance to numerous intracellular pathogens (such as Leishmania, Mycobacterium, and Salmonella [27] [29] presumably due to its inability to transport iron from the phagosome to the cytosol [30].
The HBV population of patient 3 was defective in pre-S2 protein expression due to a mutation in the pre-S2 start codon.
