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When we considered the Whooley questions as an alternative identification method they proved not to be cost effective, with an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of £46 538 per QALY versus the strategy of using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale with a cut point of 16 (itself not cost effective compared with routine care only).
A previously published cost-effectiveness analysis, using a static model, showed that a quadrivalent HPV vaccination programme for 12-year-old girls in Germany would be cost effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 10,530€/QALY (quality-adjusted life year) [18].
Recent studies from the Netherlands [ 8, 9] found implementation of diabetes guidelines to be cost effective, with the level of cost effectiveness varying between different aspects of care.
The assumed duration of protection is also particularly important for adolescent strategies; if the vaccine protected individuals for an average of three rather than 10 years, vaccination would not be cost effective with 3.5% discounting, even with herd effects (table 6).
Despite relative expensive components the complete automation system can be cost effective with respect to operation and maintenance.
However, multiway sensitivity analysis identified scenarios in which adalimumab/etanercept could be cost effective, with ICERs around £20 000.
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Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), buproprion and varenicline have been proven to be cost- effective with 15% of clients smoke-free at one year [ 3].
However, the next three years are expected to be critical in determining whether such power is cost effective, with about 30 wave energy projects expected to start operations, according to Emerging Energy Research, an alternative energy advisory firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
SWH systems are cost effective with an attractive payback period of 2 4 years depending on the type and size of the system.
When, for instance, a QALY is valued at €5,000, implementing alcohol SBI is cost effective with a probability of 0.4.
For most scenarios, the authors concluded that the intervention was cost effective, with reductions in DFUs and lower extremity amputations.
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