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The primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) can be converted by intestinal bacteria to form the secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) respectively.
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First, supplementation of a particular strain of mice with carnitine promoted the development of atherosclerosis, apparently because it was converted by intestinal bacteria to a heart-damaging compound, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).
SDG is converted by intestinal bacteria to the so-called mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone.
When ingested through contaminated food, DEHP is converted by intestinal lipases to its monoester equivalent monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), which is then preferentially absorbed (Huber et al. 1996).
In the human gut, plant lignans are converted by intestinal bacteria to the enterolignans, enterolactone and enterodiol, which are bioactive and are subsequently absorbed (Adlercreutz, 2007).
Choline is an important component of our diet, and recently, it was found that choline and phospatidylcholine are converted by the intestinal microbiota to trimethylamine, which is further metabolized to proatherogenic trimethylamine-N-oxide, linking diet and microbiota to cardiovascular disease (Wang et al., 2011b; Koeth et al., 2013).
Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was converted by a series of physical and chemical procedures into a scaffold.
Smith was converted by the experience.
The status was converted by SWNHs.
They were converted by the sword.
After dietary consumption, PDG can be converted to enterolignans by intestinal microflora (Xie et al. 2003).
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