In order to overcome the challenges involved with direct curve fitting, the basic principle is to introduce one type of scattering nanoparticles, of which the optical properties (i.e. scattering, absorption, and backscattering cross-sections or coefficients) can be conveniently calculated (e.g. using Mie theory or DDA).
According to this model, the length of the tails that extend from the surface of AuNPs, capable for hybridization or molecular recognition, can be conveniently calculated.
The area of the ulcer will be calculated using a compact digital tablet (Visitrak), with which the area can be assessed quickly, conveniently and accurately.
More conveniently, the apparent binding coefficient of the probe often depends on matrix volume, so Δψm can be calculated using a pre-measured volume-dependent binding correction that allows routine measurement of Δψm without the need to measure the matrix volume or to assume that it remains constant during an experiment [ 47, 48].
The effective cooling load factor concept was further clarified, which can be conveniently used to calculate the occupied zone cooling load and then determine the supply airflow rate.
Databases of effective cooling load factors (ECLFi) for different heat sources distributed in the three spaces were obtained and presented, which can be conveniently used to calculate cooling loads.
Each sky standard has its own well-defined sky luminance pattern which can be conveniently used to calculate the sky radiance and luminance for a given sky patch and the solar irradiance and daylight illuminance on inclined surfaces facing various orientations.
These load cases can be conveniently defined using the so-called Equivalent Static Load (ESL) method.
