For these reserve functions, the DG or microgrid can be controlled with frequency or voltage droop control and help to the grid frequency and voltage regulations.
It was shown that the residual stress of the tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin film deposited on insulating material by filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) source can be controlled with mid-frequency pulse bias voltage.
With the control of voltage, the equilibrium position between stator and mover can be controlled with inherently infinite resolutions.
According to the stack current, a reference value of air flow rate was obtained with the optimal OER regulator and then the air compressor motor voltage was controlled with the fuzzy controller to adjust the air flow rate provided by the air compressor.
The current and voltage were controlled with a measurement unit (model 236, Keithely Instruments Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA). Figure 1a shows the chemical structures of FIrpic, mCP, and TPBi materials of blue PHOLEDs.
The converter is controlled with a TMS320F28335 DSP chip, which implements the voltage control algorithm.
Using ECR-PMS, the argon plasma bombardment energy and Ti film deposition rate can be controlled separately, with the substrate bias voltage under feedback control.
The 'pinched off' area of the BOL at the nanotube propagation front can be controlled effectively with the relative ramping voltage levels and electrolyte's conductivity to obtain Y-branched TNAs.
The surface charge density of the trapping electrodes and the status of the traps, as well as the velocity and direction of the micro-particles, are controlled individually with external DC voltages.
Since no physical components come into contact with the central beam and charge on the electrodes is controlled by an external voltage supply, problems with uncontrolled charging are expected to be reduced.
