The uptake of amino acids formed in the result of proteolysis is controlled by passive or active mechanisms functioning via diffusion or requiring cellular energy (Forrest et al. 2011; Hediger et al. 2013).
The last three processes are controlled by passive and active transport of various solutes across the epithelium.
However, it should be borne in mind that the absorption of the investigated compounds may not only be controlled by the passive diffusion rate, but also by the in vivo dissolution rate in the small intestinal fluid.
In this paper, we have proposed a passive architecture of CPS, in which a passive dynamical plant is controlled by a passive physical PD controller via a passive wireless network in presence of markovian loss and delay due to passive behaviour of the plant and controller certain range of random losses and delay are not effecting the performance of the robot.
As the uptake of most drugs from mucosal membranes is controlled by a passive diffusion process, it is essential to provide a concentration gradient as steep as possible on the mucosa.
And the curling of the lower leg and hoof, as the horse raises its leg, is controlled by so-called passive tendons, loose cables that are moved first by the puppeteers and then by sheer gravity.
It further discusses the ways in which foreign-owned technology is internalized more or less easily depending on whether or not it is controlled by multinational firms or by passive investors.
Most of what has been learned from the rodent navigational system results from relatively simple tasks in which the movements of the animal is controlled by corridors or walkways, passive movements, treadmills or virtual reality environments.
In contrast to inspiration where the flow is controlled by the ventilator, expiration is passive, and the only clinically available means of influencing expiration is positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
The rate controlling step for sphalerite dissolution in Fe-free acid solution was found to be the oxidation of sphalerite, while in Fe-containing solution, the sphalerite oxidative dissolution is controlled by diffusion of Fe(III) within the passive layer and charge transfer process at the interface between mineral electrode and electrolyte.
