It was observed to be continuously upregulated in the acute phase of BM [2].
Among the group of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, which includes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Table 1, #62, #63), the last-named was the only one we found to be continuously upregulated in the early and late phases of acute BM.
In general, factors capable of promoting inflammation are continuously upregulated in the HC, but not in the CX, from early to late acute BM.
We observed that Tfap2c expression was continuously upregulated in B6-S3Y118F mESCs treated with GCSF, whereas LIF-induced expression of Tfap2c peaks and then plateaus within 2 hours of stimulation (Fig. 4G).
Importantly, most genes included in the cell death/survival group that were continuously upregulated in early and late phases of acute BM only in the HC, e.g. those encoding cyclophilin C [ 69], apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) [ 70], h-rev107 [ 71] and metastasis suppressor homolog [ 72, 73] (Table 1, #66 69)], are pro-apoptotic, and those continuously upregulated only in the CX.
Of the cell death/survival genes found to be continuously upregulated only in hippocampus, the majority are pro-apoptotic, while those continuously upregulated only in cortex are anti-apoptotic.
Our microarray data revealed that GZMB was continuously upregulated with similar transcription patterns in CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cells, suggesting an involvement of GZMB in T-cell activation.
Whilst NTDT patients receive no or only occasional transfusions, their intestinal iron absorption is continuously upregulated, leading to slow accumulation of iron in tissues, particularly in the liver 23, 33.
During 10 120 min, the expression of arsB in coculture was continuously upregulated facilitating the pump of arsenite.
Although most of the differentially expressed genes in the Bmp pathway are continuously upregulated, the expression of a number of genes peaks during regeneration (Inhbc, Inhbe, Bmp15, and Gdf9).
In kidney cortex, ten genes were significantly regulated at all exposures, including two probe variants for the Per1 gene (Figure 3A), all of which were continuously upregulated.
