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For observability analysis purposes, a nonlinear sensor-based dynamical system is formulated resorting only to exact linear and angular kinematics and a state augmentation is exploited that allows the proposed formulation to be considered as linear time-varying without linearizing the original nonlinear system.
Many engineering optimization problems can be considered as linear programming problems where the all or sum of the parameters involved are linguistic in nature.
A nonlinear system is designed, its output transformed, and its dynamics augmented so that the proposed formulation can be considered as linear time-varying for the purpose of observability analysis.
The change of hardness with temperature in the range from 25 °C to 150 °C could be considered as linear and a temperature coefficient of hardness of −1.1 × 10−2 GPa/°C could be estimated; thereafter the change of hardness tapers off as the temperature increases to 200 °C.
All other exposure-response functions could be considered as linear.
Continuous covariates included in the linear model were dichotomized when their effect could not be considered as linear.
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Both FRP and adhesive layers are considered as linear elastic materials, while the constitutive behavior of the concrete is governed by an elasto-damaging constitutive law.
R2 > 0.99 was considered as linear for the calibration curves.
The rock mass was considered as linear elastic for all models.
Also, the subgrade layer and dowel bars were considered as linear elastic materials characterized by their modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio.
A more general perturbed form than parameter perturbations in [16, 21, 22] is considered as linear fractional perturbations in [17 19, 31].
More suggestions(15)
be treated as linear
be represented as linear
be described as linear
be classified as linear
be detected as linear
be obtained as linear
be assumed as linear
be written as linear
be determined as linear
be recast as linear
be expressed as linear
be imagined as linear
be broadcast as linear
be formulated as linear
be approximated as linear
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com