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This can be concluded from experiments in which expression of N-terminally deleted Dsc 3 or desmoplakin deficiency resulted in impaired formation of both desmosomes and adherens junctions (Hanakawa et al. 2000; Vasioukhin et al. 2001).
Taken together, the relevance of desmoglein compensation for pemphigus pathogenesis in humans cannot be concluded from experiments in mice, especially because distribution patterns of Dsg 1 and Dsg 3 substantially differ in the two species.
This can be concluded from experiments which showed that autoantibody binding as well as keratinocyte separation started between desmosomes (Sato et al. 2000; Takahashi et al. 1985) and that non-junctional Dsg 3 and plakoglobin were depleted first before changes in the desmosomal fractions were present (Aoyama and Kitajima 1999; Williamson et al. 2006; Yamamoto et al. 2007a).
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We then tested whether Rac activation leads to dynamic PIP3 production as has been concluded from experiments where constitutively active Rac was expressed in neutrophils and other cell types [20].
This was concluded from experiments demonstrating that silencing or pharmacological blockage of PAI-1 and uPAR signaling abrogated the antiangiogenic effect of the vasoinhibins in HUVEC (6).
On one hand, the Pc-G activity of the GAGA factor was concluded from experiments performed ectopically using a reporter gene assay.
The importance of specific phosphorylation sites in A. thaliana receptor proteins for receptor dimer formation and activation of signaling events was concluded from experiments on the BRI1/BAK1 receptors [ 50].
This was concluded from experiments in keratinocytes which showed that Rac 1 inactivation by transfection with a dominant-inactive mutant as well as inactivation of Rho A by C3 toxin for 25 min was sufficient to displace E-cadherin but not desmoplakin from cell junctions (Braga et al. 1997).
The pathogenic relevance of antibodies against cholinergic receptors was concluded from experiments where preincubation of monkey oesophagus with PV-IgG blocked staining by a rabbit acetylcholine receptor antibody and the fact that this antibody induced keratinocyte dissociation in culture (Nguyen et al. 2000a).
It can be concluded from the experiments that the arc usually consisted of surface-arc part and the air-arc part, in which the length of each part varied with the puncture position, voltage peak values and polarities.
Whether angiostatin is subject to quick renal excretion, is degraded to shorter fragments, or disappears from the circulation due to other mechanisms, cannot be concluded from our experiments.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com