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Exact(3)
While the rupture energy may be computed exactly by employing the Laplace— Young equation, this involves lengthy numerical integration procedures.
For the standard POBDS model defined by (1)–(2) with uncorrelated observation noise ("white noise"), the previous estimator can be computed exactly by a recursive matrix-based algorithm, called the Boolean Kalman filter (BKF) [26].
For the standard POBDS model with uncorrelated observation noise, the estimator in (18) can be computed exactly by a matrix-based algorithm, called the Boolean Kalman Smoother (BKS) [3, 27].
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In contrast to the previous sections, we do not assume that the discrete approximation U (T ) is computed exactly by the numerical solver.
The calculated p-value, which measures the significance of deviation from the null hypothesis that the gene is not differentially expressed, is computed exactly by using the hypergeometric probability of observed or more extreme differences while keeping the marginal sums in the contingency table unchanged.
For other species and introns with shorter repeats, the equivalent probabilities of repeats in our null models were computed exactly by hand from the probabilities of sampling words without replacement from multinomial distributions based on intron compositions and the codon frequencies of exons.
In fact, our numerical experiments show that for the scenarios in which the capacity region can be computed exactly, the region generated by the proposed algorithm almost coincides with the capacity region; see Figure 5.
In general, the term ((f,phi_{j})) cannot be computed exactly and is usually approximated by ((I_{N}f,phi_{j})), where (I_{N}) is an interpolation operator upon (P_{N}) relative to the Gauss Lobatto points.
Most partial differential equations which are drawn from the sciences do neither admit an analytical solution nor can they be computed exactly in an efficient manner by some algorithm from the literature.
However, the assumption that the partial flow generated by the nonlinear operator B can be computed exactly is usually a very strong requirement.
In the first case, the values can be computed exactly, whereas in the second case, they can be estimated by sampling the perturbation set for sufficiently many perturbations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com