Nowadays, the efficiency of the best PSCs is competitive with current commercial technologies, and they are potentially much cheaper.
However, costs in urban/suburban areas are competitive with current water/wastewater service costs at scales of ca. one plant per 10,000 residences.
It is competitive with current codes that do not employ special means of diagnosing and treating contact discontinuities the inclusion of such devices in our scheme remains an option.
However, all processes reveal benefits in terms of saving non-renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but only short rotation poplars in suitable locations can reduce costs to a level that is competitive with current costs for EU emission certificates for CO2.
"This computer is far from being competitive with current standards, but had this machine been made in 1955, it would have been," Franz Kreupl of the Technical University of Munich wrote in a commentary that accompanied the Nature report.
We conclude that a deeper understanding of feedstock traits affecting bioconversion such as enzyme inhibition, cellulose accessibility, and enzyme adsorption will ameliorate hurdles to bioenergy production so that it is competitive with current fossil fuel based transportation fuels.
Findings showed that the wind-driven RO scheme can be competitive with the current thermal desalination in the UAE.
Even for the continuous wave signal paradigm we have assumed (as opposed to pulsed/spiking signals such as considered in [25]) the devices proposed here could be competitive with the current state of the art CMOS-based neuromorphic electrical circuits [22].
