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The between groups differences will be compared using 2-independent samples t-tests.
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Sample characteristics for baseline and intervention patient groups were compared using: (1) independent t test for normally distributed interval data; (2) Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data; and (3) Pearson's Chi square for categorical data.
For primary outcome measures, the mean differences from baseline values to the end of treatment will be compared using a independent T-test (Expected noncentrality parameter = 2.87, Critical t = 1.99, Power = 0.80).
For primary outcome measures, the mean difference from baseline values at the end of treatment will be compared using independent t-tests (expected noncentrality parameter = 2.90, critical t = 2.00, power = 0.80).
Raw data from the sample groups were compared using an independent 2-sample t-test with unequal variances.
To investigate whether the increase in speaking scores was more likely to occur for participants at a lower initial speaking proficiency (i.e., speaking score on Test 1), mean scores for those whose initial score was between 3.0 and 5.5 (n = 103), and those whose score was between 6.0 and 8.5 (n = 60) were compared using an independent t-test.
General characteristics of subjects in the main study (n=463) and a randomly selected sub-sample of office workers (n=96) were compared using the independent t-test and Chi-square for continuous and nominal/ordinal data, respectively.
For English monolinguals vs. L1 Chinese and (d)), the largest interference effects (–200 ms SOA for monolinguals and 0 ms SOA in L1 Chinese bilinguals) were compared using an independent-samples t-test.
Additionally to see if initial EI scores differed between the group followed up after one year (n=55) and those who were not followed up (n=118) scores were compared using an independent t test.
Differences in patient characteristics between telephone and hospital follow-up were compared using the X2 test and independent sample t-test.
The numbers of sentinel nodes seen on the preoperative images and number of LN removed during surgery were compared using the independent sample t-test; p<0.05 was considered significant.
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