In the mid-1980s, EV71 strains of subgenotype C1 emerged and have been circulating in different regions afterwards (Table 3) (4, 9, 10, 21, 23, 39, 57– 60, 79, 82– 92).
Since the children with these isolates were hospitalized in different locations and years, this may suggest that the EAEC strain has been circulating in different regions and time points in Israel.
The H5N1 strain of avian influenza virus has been circulating in different countries since its first detection in China in 1996 causing severe damages to the fowl industry in some regions.
Our study indicates that the same virus is circulating in hosts of at least 4 different species (human, mosquito, and 2 different bat species), and likely in birds as well, highlighting the broad host range of JEVs in this area.
Analyses of A/H5N1 strains isolated in 2006 have shown that different sublineages were circulating in the continent, these were identified as EMA 1 and EMA2 [4] or A, B, C. [5].
On the other hand, the divergence between isolates of the two lineages indicates that different strains are circulating in some countries, such as CAR, Senegal, and Kenya.
However, the variants belonged to genotypes that were distinct from 6B-III based on multilocus sequence typing (Table 2), suggesting that different clones are circulating in Malawi, and their phenotype is currently not known.
We could only confirm HI positivity for 2 of 23 ELISA-reactive serum samples, both of which were inconclusive in the ELISA, indicating that the ELISA has not been fully optimized for pig serum or that different subtypes are circulating in pigs in Laos.
Viruses that were circulating in Iran in 2004 belonged to 2 different groups (I and VI).
In particular, HPeV3 was circulating in our clinically selected material, with 5 different clades cocirculating over most of the years of the study.
