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Plug-in technology allow a hybrid's batteries to be charged from the mains like those on a straight electric car.
Especially for scenario 3c, it is assumed that EV will be charged from renewable sources.
In this study, the BESS can only be charged from renewable energy.
The EV battery cannot be charged from the grid during peak hours.
It can travel from 100-150 miles between charges, depending on driving style, and can be charged from empty in about 30 minutes using a rapid-charger.
Limitations considered are: 1) The EV battery must be fully charged at morning. 2) The EV battery cannot be charged from the grid during peak hours. .
The BESS can work in charge or discharge mode and can be charged from PV or the system depending on the operating model.
In general, BESS can work in charge or discharge mode and can be charged from system depending on the model operation.
For the electric vehicle, we assume that it can be charged from 22 00 to 24:00 and from 0 00 to 7 00 the day after.
