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Plasma nitriding is a suitable method to obtain these coatings that have to be characterized with phase sensitive techniques, because hardness and wear resistance depend critically on crystallography and stoichiometry.
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An overall flow pattern transition is characterized in a W⁎−a⁎ map, where a "triangular" distribution of flow patterns is formed and the flow pattern transition can be characterized with the change in phase fraction and overall flow velocity.
The coated samples were characterized with respect to coating thickness, phase and oxidation resistance.
The final phase is characterized with a slow rate of polymer hybridization; so for 5 h, the number of pairs increases only by 5%.
It is obvious that cellular maintenance of the Yarrowia strains during stationary growth phase is characterized with transfer of EPS-bound Hg2+ or sequestered Hg2+ along with nutrients in/out of cells.
Only the polyamide capsules present in the creamed phase were characterized with microscopy techniques.
The phase composition was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The catalysts were characterized with XRD and TEM to identify their crystal phases and nanostructure properties.
The microstructure and phase composition of the coating was characterized with SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman Spectroscopy.
The phase composition and reducibility of catalysts were characterized with XRD and TPR.
The microstructure and precipitated phases at different heat-treatment states were characterized with OM, SEM, EPMA and TEM, respectively.
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