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This work is the first to report that the ataxic subtype of cerebral palsy can be caused by de novo dominant point mutations, which explains the sporadic nature of these cases.
Our data suggest that cerebral palsy is on a diagnostic and genetic continuum with intellectual disability, disorders of motor development and possibly autistic spectrum disorder, with these latter conditions already known to be caused by de novo mutations.
In summary, we now provide the first clear evidence that some cases of ataxic cerebral palsy can be caused by de novo point mutations and suggest that this finding may be relevant to other subtypes of cerebral palsy as well.
The role of de novo mutations in human diseases has been well recognized, particularly in the area of cancer genetics and in dominant Mendelian disorders such as Kabuki and Schinzel-Giedion syndromes [ 19, 20], both of which are characterized by severe ID and congenital facial abnormalities, and have recently been found to be caused by de novo mutations in MLL2 and SETBP1 genes, respectively.
However, it seems to be very unlikely that the changes that we have seen in protein tumor marker levels might be caused by de novo synthesis or degradation of protein within the relatively short time period between induction of anesthesia and blood collection.
We conclude that at least some subtypes of cerebral palsy may be caused by de novo genetic mutations and patients with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy should be genetically investigated before causation is ascribed to perinatal asphyxia or other aetiologies.
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Because FT induction by CO requires the stabilization of CO protein by light, which occurs only in LD in Arabidopsis, the up-regulation of FT by the atjmj4-1 mutatinn in SD might be caused by de-repression instead of induction.
Lamellar holes are thought to be caused by de-roofing of the pseudocyst with preservation of the foveal base, while posterior extension of the pseudocyst leads to the formation of full-thickness macular holes.
Autosomal dominant Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by de novo mutations leading to expression of a truncated prelamin A protein that retains its farnesylated C-terminal cysteine (De SandretGiovalnoli et al., 2003; Eriksson et al., 2003).
It is caused by de novo dominant mutations in LMNA [5], [6], [7].
Despite such limitations, there is strong evidence that most of the detected heterogeneity was caused by de novo mutations, as discussed below.
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