The multilateral collaboration score (MCS) is an indicator of collaboration between multiple institutions and can be calculated for an individual institution or a group of institutions.
Multilateral collaboration, between a group of three or more institutions that co-author articles in the index, can be calculated for an individual institution or a group of institutions.
Having made an estimate of the financial benefits and knowing the effort required for each method, cost benefits can be calculated for an intended set of user-centered activities.
Equation (5) can be rewritten as: (7 Once V, U and Λ are known, the optimal model parameter vector m o can easily be calculated for an arbitrary hyper-parameter λ, since Λ is diagonal.
Often the losses are described as a function of the standard error or some other criterion (Barth & Ståhl 2012), but they could also be calculated for an actual decision problem (Eid et al. 2004).
The value of α i can be calculated for an individual voxel within a VOI, centred at x i,y i and z i, by considering the convolution with a 3D Gaussian kernel, g x,y,z,σ), integrated over the volume of the VOI.
