The % degradation for the dye was calculated by observing the changes in λmax (595 nm) of the solution.
The buckling loads of horizontal BHA's are calculated by observing the disappearance of the corresponding eigenfrequencies.
The likelihood is calculated by observing a previous snapshot (denotes a subset of the graph after removing the edges used for performance testing purposes) of the graph and getting an estimation of the dependency of the probability of the existence of a link in the target layer given a predictor layer.
The concentrations of each sample were calculated by observing their crossing point to a standard curve.
These coating thicknesses were calculated by observing the apparent change in size of nanoparticles as a function of coating time in the ion beam sputterer.
Hatching rate was calculated by observing the proportion of first instar nymphs that emerged from 120 to 150 eggs randomly selected from each replicate population.
These amplitude drops were calculated by observing the largest magnitude change among the different detectors for the same source position before the release of the 60 mmHg and 120 mmHg pressure occlusions respectively.
When enough samples were available, the fT>MIC was calculated by observing the time during the dosing interval that the log-linear least squares regression analysis intersected the target MICs for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 mg/L for piperacillin and 2 mg/L for meropenem based on EUCAST breakpoints [ 17].
Assuming that there is no polar lipid degradation or formation during nitrogen depletion, the TAG content in the intermediate time points can be calculated by subtracting the polar lipid fraction observed at the end of the nitrogen-replete cultivation, from the measured TFA fraction at each time point.
The observed filling sequence can be calculated by quantum mechanics.
