The number of states (or facial expressions) are automatically determined from the data by unsupervised clustering of expressions of faces in the video.
Student affective states such as interested, tired, and confused are automatically determined from facial expressions [2 4], and attention state is computed from different visual cues such as face gaze, head motion, and body postures [1, 5].
Three different segmentation methods are considered: thresholding using a fixed threshold relative to the maximum, a threshold that is automatically determined from the image information [20, 29], and deformable surfaces based on Fourier descriptors [22, 23, 28, 30].
How the names were produced by each of the two participants was automatically determined from the recordings using ASR techniques and a pre-established set of possible regional variants along five phonological dimensions.
The researchers mention that they can "envision such a sequence being automatically determined from the assembly manual, through natural-language interaction with a human supervisor or, ultimately, from an image of the chair," although we feel like they should have a chat with Ross Knepper, whose IkeaBot seemed to do just fine without any of that stuff.
The country of origin of a message was automatically determined from the location information about the author.
The shape of the arterial input function necessary for the Patlak analysis was automatically determined from branches of the MCA or ACA, the peak of the input function was normalized to the peak of the superior sagittal sinus.
The cell death time, defined as the time when the nuclear fragmentation score reached half maximum, was automatically determined from dynamics of nuclear fragmentation and labeled as an arrow (Fig. 5A).
Expected coverage and coverage cut-off levels were set to be automatically determined by the program.
If a precursor mass could not be automatically determined, the entire database was searched.
