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Therefore, the enhancement of UV-vis absorption intensity can be attributed to light trapping.
The observed black color of the oxidized samples can, therefore, be attributed to light absorption and/or scattering by the nanowire structures.
Due to no variation of the material amount and chain alignment of polymer (discussed above) after the NIL process, the enhancement of the UV-vis absorption intensity may be attributed to light trapping [28].
As the amount of materials is not changed after the NIL process, the enhancement of the UV-vis absorption intensity can be attributed to light trapping and preferential molecular orientation [39].
Similar to the ZnO/Al2O3 core-shell NRAs, the residual deep-level band around λ ≈ 550 nm of the NRAs coated with a 5-nm-thick ZnO shell layer can be attributed to light emission from the oxygen interstitials inside the ZnO core. Figure 4 PL spectra.
On the other hand, absorbance above 330 nm can also be attributed to light scattering and, in the case of serum, it may indicate the presence of particulate matter in solution [55].
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The significant enhancement in the performance of the PSCs is attributed to light scattering, NIR light upconversion and electron injection from the UCNPs to the CB of TiO2.
A factor of 2 enhancement in rate and apparent quantum yield compared to TiO2 was achieved for the Ag NC layer underneath the TiO2 layer and was attributed to light scattering of absorbed photons.
Lipid peroxidation products could be identified which were localised exclusively around blood vessels in the first hour after PDT, and were attributed to light-dependent ROS formation.
This apparently lower risk associated with smoking among Chinese has been attributed to lighter dose of smoking and the relatively late age of starting to smoke in China (Chen et al, 1997).
This discrepancy from the trends observed in our study, could be attributed to different light availabilities due to different reactor designs, light regimes, range of initial biomass concentrations and species [ 3, 12], as well as duration of the nitrogen-starvation period [ 2].
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