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Unsurprisingly, retailers weren't happy to be associated with traffic and smog.
We note that several of these indicators may be associated with traffic, capturing some traffic effect.
We considered other GIS covariates that may be associated with traffic, represent other pollutant sources, or modify the observed traffic-concentration relationship.
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Lung function of children has been found to be associated with traffic-related exposure in a number of other epidemiologic studies (Brunekreef et al. 1997; Fritz and Herbarth 2001; Wjst et al. 1993).
Although teratomas were associated with traffic pollution when modeled using CALINE4 and traffic density, these associations were not replicated in our PM2.5-based analyses, suggesting that the association with teratomas might reflect an effect of agents in traffic exhaust that decay quickly over distances.
Fatigue cracking is associated with traffic loading and appears along the vehicle wheel path.
BC is associated with traffic emissions especially those related to diesel fuel combustion.
Retinoblastoma was also associated with average PM2.5 concentrations during pregnancy, and ALL and teratomas were associated with traffic density near the child's residence at birth.
Several CHDs were associated with traffic related carbon monoxide and ozone pollution in a case control study of births from 1987 to 1993 in Southern California (Ritz et al. 2002).
No statistically significant change in mean birth weight is associated with traffic density or proximity to the nearest main road, whereas a significant decrease is associated with a higher distance between maternal home and the nearest freeway.
Despite this, ambient O3 was associated with a decrement in mean birth weight and significant increases in the risk of LBW were associated with traffic density, proximity to roads and ambient O3.
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