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Lung function will be assessed by spirometry.
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The severity of airflow obstruction was assessed by spirometry.
Pulmonary function testing was assessed by spirometry for a subset of the study participants.
Lung function was assessed by spirometry using VICATEST (VICATEST 4, Mijnhardt, Odijk, The Netherlands) by trained technicians.
Forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) was assessed by spirometry (29).
Respiratory function was assessed by spirometry using the Pneumotrac Vitalograph [ 26].
Lung function was assessed by spirometry (MasterScope spirometer; Erich Jaeger GmbH and Co KG, Hoechberg, Germany).
At a clinic visit, height and weight were measured and respiratory function was assessed by spirometry (Micro Medical, Rochester, UK).
Dyspnea change was scored using the Borg scale and lung function was assessed by spirometry and oximetry.
In this study, lung function was assessed by spirometry, which measures inspired and expiratory air volumes and respiratory flow.
Demographic data were recorded and lung function (peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]) was assessed by spirometry.
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