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To meet this need, novel bnAb KI models have now been engineered to express either inferred prerearranged V(D J exons (or unrearranged germline V, D, or J segments that can be assembled into functional rearranged V(D J exons) encoding predecessors of mature bnAbs.
We also tested whether overexpressed proteins from our lentiviral vectors could be assembled into functional multisubunit complexes.
If the progenote genome was made of modules yet to be assembled into functional units, introns would have played an essential role in the formation of early genes by exon shuffling [[ 56] and references therein]; indeed, the gene-protein structure correlation postulated by the exon shuffling theory appears stronger in the subset of introns that are most likely to be ancient [ 56].
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In addition, when TiO2 NTAs on titanium foils are assembled into functional devices, the metal electrodes deposited on the oxide layer may diffuse into the titanium foil at elevated temperatures, which may cause an electrical short circuit.
The physiological significance of localization of Cx45 within the superficial dorsal horn or whether Cx45 is assembled into functional gap junctions remains to be resolved.
Mitochondria require a number of peptidases to remove the targeting signals from proteins before or after they are assembled into functional protein complexes.
Understanding how the vast number of diverse cell types is assembled into functional neural circuits in complex brains during development is a major challenge.
Preloading dye transfer studies to assess whether Cx43 is being assembled into functional gap junctions at tumor/endothelial cell interfaces revealed that dye spread extensively from Cx43 expressing HBL100 cells to endothelial cells (Fig. 3i), whereas dye failed to spread from control HBL100v cells to endothelial cells (Fig. 3f).
The DE genes of this cluster could be assembled into a functional network principally involved in neuroimmune functions.
In another successful case of an antibody produced in C. reinhardtii chloroplast, (Tran et al. [2009]) have demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody against a protein from Bacillus anthracis could be assembled into a functional tetrameric structure consisting on 2 heavy-chain and 2 light-chain subunits, capable of binding the PA83 antigen from the pathogen in vitro.
ArCOGs correspond to chains or subunits of complete proteins, which either can be fully functional by themselves or should be assembled into oligomeric protein complexes.
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