Sentence examples for be approximately given from inspiring English sources

For a QPSK constellation with Gray mapping, the BER can be approximately given BER k ≈ Q 1 1 L ∑ l = 0 L − 1 MSE k, l, (11).

It can be shown that, for QPSK constellations, we have ρ p =1−2P e [30], which can be approximately given by: rho_{p} approx frac{1}{2N}sum_{n=0}^{N-1}left left|{rho_{n,p}^{N-1}left left|{rho_{n_{n,p}^{Im}}Re}}rightht), (24).

Note that Figure 3a implies that for a certain incident angle ϕ, tunneling is forbidden, the boundary of the total reflection region (T = 0) can be approximately given by the relation k y + Bd = E, which implies that the transmitted wave is an evanescent mode which decays exponentially along the propagating direction.

Based on an estimate of precipitable water from a standard convective cloud as in Eq. (1), we hypothesize that the annual rainfall amount for a region may be approximately given by the total number of standard clouds along the coastline (Fig. 2c), that is, the length of coastline divided by 100 km (Yamanaka 2016).

Assuming the thickness of the polymer is small compared to the loop, we expect Δ Fknotting to be approximately given by 2For lower A, the form of Δ Fknotting may not be so easily deduced.

For light atoms and heavier atoms with just a few electrons outside the inner closed shells, the total angular momentum is approximately given by the vector sum of the total of orbital angular momentum and the total spin angular momentum.

The computational complexity for four types of filters is approximately given in Table 1.

The wavelength at the peak is approximately given by [34]:, where is the peak voltage expressed in kVp and is expressed in nm.

The capacity of a MIMO link l in state i is approximately given as [43], {R_{i}^{l}}=i cdot log_{2}left(1+frac{bar{rho}^{l}}{i}right) (4).

Hence, the time T syn between two successive synchronization episodes is approximately given by the time needed for σ to increase from σ 0 up to σ on.

From Eq. (2), the maximum value of α is approximately given by (A.1 where the radiation pressure cross section averaged over the stellar radiation spectrum.