Therefore, the P-value is approximated by computing a limited number of permutations, say N, and then computing the fraction of the N permutation values that are at least as extreme as the test statistic.
The overall topography of the DE was approximated by computing distance 1 minus distance 5 difference potentials, and measuring the mean amplitude of the 140 180, 180 240, and 240 320 ms intervals over electrodes f7, f8, f3, f4, t7, t8, c3, c4, p3, p4, p7 and p8.
This can be approximated by explicitly computing all structures in an energy band above the ground state.
A workload of the cloud computing datacenters can be approximated by different processes.
In practice, these functions can be approximated by sums of functions that are easy to compute, such as polynomials.
As in the study by Combes et al., the predicted shrinkage is computed as I− W where MBF can be approximated by a first-order linearization of the model: where H = diag Θ1,…,Θ p ) and.
Computed spectral density functions also show how the Newtonian modes can be approximated by using a small γ in the range of 5 20 ps−1.
can be approximated by (6).
The null-distribution was approximated by creating 10,000 permuted datasets and computing their corresponding pscnull values.
