If such a model is applied to electron transfer at an interface, calculation shows that electron exchange reactions at electrodes would be prohibitively slow, a conclusion at variance with the observed phenomena; quantum mechanical laws, however, govern the motion of electrons, and their inclusion changes the calculations to fit reality.
As advanced instrumentation, networking, and grid computing are applied to electron tomography and biological sciences in general, much work is needed to integrate and coordinate these advanced technologies in a transparent way to deliver them to the end user.
Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) can be applied to investigate the electron extration and transport process.
The result can be applied to study the electron-hole recombination in the tensile-strained GeNW as well as the mechanism of mobility enhancement.
NCI approach can be applied to experimental or theoretical electron density distributions, as for example shown by Saleh et al. [62] or by Hey et al. [63].
In the HD model, the energy balance equation is added to the above Equations 1 and 2. The HD model assumes that the carrier temperature concept can be applied to a non-equilibrium electron gas.
This spectrometer can be applied to the characterization of fast electron source for understanding fundamental laser-plasma interaction physics and to the optimization of high-repetition-rate laser-driven applications.
While the combination of organic molecular films and substrates in this study conduct electrical current via electron holes (positively-charged energy spaces), Salmeron and his colleagues say their structural mapping can also be applied to materials whose conductance is electron-based.
Lens imaging techniques can be applied to visible light, X-rays and electrons.
The techniques of traditional scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been applied to immunosorbent electron microscopy, in which the specimen is subject to an antigen-antibody reaction before observation and scanning tunneling microscopy, which provides information about the surface of a specimen by constructing a three-dimensional image.
